In May 2025, the first impeachment complaint against President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. was filed, making headlines across the Philippines. The complaint, which alleges culpable violation of the Constitution and betrayal of public trust, stems from the Marcos administration’s perceived cooperation with the International Criminal Court (ICC) in its investigation into former President Rodrigo Duterte’s war on drugs.
The case has stirred debate on legal, constitutional, and political grounds. Here's a breakdown of what happened, why it matters, and what might come next.
Who Filed the Impeachment Complaint?
The complaint was filed by Ronald Cardema, former chairman of the National Youth Commission, and his wife Marie Cardema, both members of the Duterte Youth party-list. It was endorsed by Ducielle Cardema, a current party-list representative in Congress.
They attempted to file the complaint on May 8, 2025, but the Office of the House Secretary General was closed due to a planning seminar. Despite the delay, a copy of the 24-page complaint was made public on social media.
What Are the Grounds for Impeachment?
Under Article XI, Section 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, a president can be impeached for:
- Culpable violation of the Constitution
- Treason
- Bribery
- Graft and corruption
- Betrayal of public trust
The complaint cites two main grounds:
1. Culpable Violation of the Constitution – For allegedly violating sovereignty by allowing ICC interference.
2. Betrayal of Public Trust – For failing to block attempts to prosecute Duterte, thereby “undermining national integrity.”
Is There Evidence Supporting the Claims?
The complaint points to the government’s inaction on the ICC probe, suggesting it implies cooperation. However, the Office of the President has called these allegations "baseless," noting that the administration has not actively cooperated with any arrest or extradition requests.
Legal experts suggest that without a direct action from the government enabling the ICC, the case may lack concrete legal merit.
Political Reaction
Vice President Sara Duterte has publicly distanced herself from the complaint, stating she was not involved and does not expect Congress to act on it. With the House dominated by Marcos allies, most analysts believe the complaint will not advance further.
What Does “Betrayal of Public Trust” Really Mean?
Unlike the other grounds for impeachment, betrayal of public trust does not require a criminal act. It refers to actions that erode public confidence and violate ethical standards of leadership.
As Sub Saharan TV posted on social media:
“It’s not just about what’s illegal. It’s about what’s unforgivable in a leader.”
What’s Next?
As of late May 2025, the complaint has not yet been formally received or endorsed by a significant number of lawmakers. It remains uncertain if it will proceed through the formal impeachment process.
Final Thoughts
The impeachment complaint against President Marcos Jr. serves as both a political challenge and a test of institutional accountability. While its chances of success appear slim, it reflects growing friction between former allies—the Marcos and Duterte camps—and puts a spotlight on the meaning of public trust in Philippine leadership.
Keywords: Impeachment complaint vs Marcos, Bongbong Marcos ICC, betrayal of public trust Philippines, 1987 Constitution impeachment, Duterte ICC arrest, Ronald Cardema Marcos, Philippine president impeachment 2025
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